JOURNAL OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS JOURNAL OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS Журнал региональной и международной конкурентоспособности 2782-1927 106047 10.52957/2782-1927-2025-6-3-16-26 NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS The role of the startup ecosystem in shaping the innovative competitiveness of a national economy (case studies of Sweden and Estonia) Роль экосистемы стартапов в формировании инновационной конкурентоспособности национальной экономики (на примере Швеции и Эстонии) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-359X Растворцева Светлана Николаевна Rastvortseva Svetlana N. Srastvortseva@gmail.com

доктор экономических наук;

doctor of economic sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7545-0626 Панасюк София Артемовна Panasiuk Sofia Artemovna SAPanasyuk@hse.ru Чудайкин Дмитрий А Chudaykin Dmitriy A DAChudaikin@edu.hse.ru Высшая школа экономики Moscow Россия National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russian Federation Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation 10 09 2025 10 09 2025 6 3 16 26 23 05 2025 26 06 2025 https://jraic.com/en/nauka/article/106047/view

В статье исследуется роль экосистем стартапов в формировании инновационной конкурентоспособности национальной экономики на примере Швеции и Эстонии. Анализ сосредоточен на ключевых элементах успешных экосистем, включая институциональную среду, доступ к финансированию, развитие человеческого капитала и уровень цифровизации. Особое внимание уделяется сравнительному анализу двух различных моделей: шведской модели, характеризующейся сложной многоуровневой архитектурой с интеграцией государства, университетов и крупных корпораций, и эстонской модели, ориентированной на цифровизацию административной инфраструктуры и создание открытой глобальной экосистемы. Рассматриваются положительные эффекты развития экосистем стартапов, такие как привлечение внешних инвестиционных потоков, рост числа высокотехнологичных компаний и улучшение позиций страны в мировых рейтингах конкурентоспособности. Актуальность темы обусловлена возрастающей значимостью инноваций как ключевого фактора экономического роста и устойчивости в условиях глобальной конкуренции. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении взаимосвязи между развитием экосистем стартапов и уровнем национальной конкурентоспособности, а также в определении ключевых тенденций, барьеров и перспектив для стран с формирующимися инновационными экосистемами. Логика исследования следующая: сначала раскрывается концептуальная база и теоретические основы инновационной конкурентоспособности и экосистем стартапов; далее проводится детальный сравнительный анализ шведской и эстонской моделей с использованием статистических данных и корреляционного анализа для выявления ключевых факторов успеха. Исследование основано на сравнительных, статистических и аналитических методах, а также на анализе современных научных публикаций и отчетов международных организаций. На основе проведенного анализа сделан вывод, что конкурентоспособность национальной инновационной экономики определяется эффективностью административных институтов и степенью цифровизации. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке стратегий роста малого и среднего предпринимательства (МСП) в других странах.

This article examines the role of startup ecosystems in shaping the innovative competitiveness of a national economy, using Sweden and Estonia as case studies. The analysis focuses on the key elements of successful ecosystems, including the institutional environment, access to finance, human capital development, and the level of digitalization. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of two distinct models: the Swedish model, characterized by a complex, multi-layered architecture integrating the state, universities, and large corporations, and the Estonian model, which is oriented towards the digitalization of administrative infrastructure and the creation of an open global ecosystem. The positive effects of developing startup ecosystems are considered, such as inbound investment flows, an increase in the number of high-tech companies, and improved national standings in global competitiveness rankings. The relevance of the topic is driven by the growing importance of innovation as a key factor for economic growth and resilience in the context of global competition. The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between the development of startup ecosystems and the level of national competitiveness, as well as to determine key trends, barriers, and prospects for countries with emerging innovation ecosystems. The research logic is as follows: first, the conceptual framework and theoretical foundations of innovative competitiveness and startup ecosystems are outlined; subsequently, a detailed comparative analysis of the Swedish and Estonian models is conducted, employing statistical data and correlation analysis to identify key success factors. The study is based on comparative, statistical, and analytical methods, as well as on the analysis of contemporary scientific publications and reports from international organizations. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the competitiveness of a national innovation economy is determined by the efficacy of administrative institutions and the degree of digitalization. The findings of this research can be utilized for developing small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) growth strategies in other countries.

 экосистема стартапов; национальная конкурентоспособность; инновационная конкурентоспособность; национальная инновационная система; сравнительный анализэкосистема стартапов; национальная конкурентоспособность; инновационная конкурентоспособность; национальная инновационная система; сравнительный анализ startup ecosystem; national competitiveness; innovative competitiveness; national innovation system; comparative analysis The role of the startup ecosystem in shaping the innovative competitiveness of a national economy (case studies of Sweden and Estonia)

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